Portrait of Professor Ales Cerny

Professor Ales Cerny

Professor of Finance

Bayes Business School, Faculty of Finance

Contact

Visit Ales Cerny

Room BR4088, Bunhill Row

Postal address

Bayes Business School
106 Bunhill Row
London
EC1Y 8TZ
United Kingdom

About

Overview

Prof. Černý received his MSc in Mathematical Engineering from the Czech Technical University in 1994 and PhD in Economics from the University of Warwick in 1998. Before joining Bayes Business School (formerly Cass) in 2005, he worked at Imperial College London. His main research agenda recognizes that financial markets are inherently incomplete.

Aleš has given a number of invited talks in Europe and U.S. on the subject of incomplete markets and published a textbook on the topic, now in its 2nd edition, with Princeton University Press. His research has appeared, among others, in The Annals of Probability, Bernoulli, The Economic Journal, European Journal of Operational Research, Journal of Derivatives, Mathematical Finance, Mathematics of Operations Research, Quantitative Finance, and SIAM Journal on Control and Optimization. He is an associate editor for the Review of Derivatives Research.

Aleš has consulted for government organizations in the UK and Japan in the area of optimal lifecycle asset allocation with particular focus on pension and real estate investment.

Qualifications

  • BSc in Mathematical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
  • MSc in Mathematical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
  • PhD in Economics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom

Visiting appointments

  • Visiting Professor, Comenius University Bratislava, Sep 2010 – Jan 2011
  • Visiting Researcher, Isaac Newton Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Cambridge, Feb – Mar 2005
  • Visiting Researcher, Dr R. Flood, Apr 1999

Expertise

Primary topics

  • Asset Pricing
  • Derivatives
  • Financial Economics
  • Futures & Options
  • Mathematical & Quantitative Methods
  • Mathematical Finance
  • Portfolio Choice
  • Risk

Research

Research topics

Mean-variance hedging

Theoretical and practical implementation of optimal hedging strategies with applications to exotic derivatives

Optimal hedging with higher moments

Estimation procedure taking into account skewness and kurtosis of spot and futures commodity data series

Research students

Ján Komadel

Attendance: Sep 2014 – present, full-time

Thesis title: Dynamic optimization in financial mathematics

Role: 1st Supervisor

Further information: Comenius University Bratislava

Xuecan CUI

Attendance: Sep 2013 – Sep 2017, full-time

Thesis title: Essays on Asset Pricing Models with Jump Processes

Role: External Supervisor

Further information: University of Luxemburg

Juraj Špilda

Attendance: Oct 2011 – Nov 2017, full-time

Thesis title: On sources of risk in quadratic hedging and incomplete markets

Role: 1st Supervisor

Nikolaos Karouzakis

Attendance: Oct 2008 – Oct 2013, full-time

Thesis title: Three Essays on the Dynamic Evolution of Market Interest Rates and the Valuation of Interest Rate Derivatives

Role: 2nd Supervisor

Ka Kei Chan

Attendance: Oct 2007 – Jun 2012, full-time

Thesis title: Theoretical essays on bank risk-taking and financial stability

Role: 2nd Supervisor

Ioannis Kyriakou

Attendance: Oct 2006 – Nov 2010, full-time

Thesis title: Efficient valuation of exotic derivatives with path-dependence and early-exercise features

Role: 1st Supervisor

Lubomir Schmidt

Attendance: Oct 2002 – Oct 2006, full-time

Thesis title: Optimal life-cycle consumption and asset allocation with applications to pension finance and public economics

Role: 1st Supervisor

Mariam Harfush-Pardo

Attendance: Oct 2001 – Sep 2006, full-time

Thesis title: An investigation on portfolio choice and wealth accumulation in fully funded pension systems with a guaranteed minimum benefit

Role: 2nd Supervisor

Yung-Chih Wang

Attendance: Oct 2001 – Oct 2004, full-time

Thesis title: Topics in Investment Appraisal and Real Options

Role: 1st Supervisor

Publications

Books (2)

  1. Černý, A. (2009). Mathematical Techniques in Finance: Tools for Incomplete Markets. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-14121-3.
  2. Černý, A. (2004). Mathematical Techniques in Finance: Tools for Incomplete Markets,. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-08807-1.

Chapters (4)

  1. Černý, A. (2016). Discrete-Time Quadratic Hedging of Barrier Options in Exponential Lévy Model. In Kallsen, J. and Papapantoleon, A. (Eds.), Advanced Modeling in Mathematical Finance (pp. 257–275). Springer. ISBN 978-3-319-45873-1.
  2. Černý, A. (2010). Fourier transform. In Rama Cont, (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Quantitative Finance (pp. 782–786). Chichester, UK: Wiley. ISBN 978-0-470-05756-8.
  3. Miles, D.K. and Černý, A. (2004). Alternative Pension Reform Strategies for Japan. In Toshiaki Tachibanaki, (Ed.), The Economics of Social Security in Japan (pp. 75–135). Edward Elgar. ISBN 1-84376-682-5.
  4. Černý, A. and Hodges, S.D. (2002). The Theory of Good-Deal Pricing in Financial Markets. In Geman, H., Madan, D., Pliska, S. and Vorst, T. (Eds.), Mathematical Finance -- Bachelier Congress 2000 (Selected Papers from the First World Congress of the Bachelier Finance Society, Paris, June 29-July 1, 2000) (pp. 175–202). Springer Verlag. ISBN 978-3-642-08729-5.

Journal articles (31)

  1. Černý, A., Czichowsky, C. and Kallsen, J. (2024). Numeraire-invariant quadratic hedging and mean-variance portfolio allocation. Mathematics of Operations Research. doi:10.1287/moor.2023.1374.
  2. Halická, M., Trnovská, M. and Černý, A. (2024). A unified approach to radial, hyperbolic, and directional efficiency measurement in Data Envelopment Analysis. European Journal of Operational Research, 312(1), pp. 298–314. doi:10.1016/j.ejor.2023.06.039.
  3. Černý, A. and Ruf, J. (2023). Simplified calculus for semimartingales: Multiplicative compensators and changes of measure. Stochastic Processes and their Applications, 161, pp. 572–602. doi:10.1016/j.spa.2023.04.010.

    [publisher’s website]

  4. Černý, A. and Ruf, J. (2022). Simplified stochastic calculus via semimartingale representations. Electronic Journal of Probability, 27, pp. 1–32. doi:10.1214/21-EJP729.

    [publisher’s website]

  5. Černý, A. and Ruf, J. (2021). Pure-jump semimartingales. Bernoulli, 27(4), pp. 2624–2648. doi:10.3150/21-BEJ1325.

    [publisher’s website]

  6. Černý, A. and Ruf, J. (2021). Simplified stochastic calculus with applications in Economics and Finance. European Journal of Operational Research, 293(2), pp. 547–560. doi:10.1016/j.ejor.2020.12.037.

    [publisher’s website]

  7. Černý, A. (2020). Semimartingale theory of monotone mean–variance portfolio allocation. Mathematical Finance, 30(3), pp. 1168–1178. doi:10.1111/mafi.12241.

    [publisher’s website]

  8. Černý, A. and Melicherčík, I. (2020). Simple explicit formula for near-optimal stochastic lifestyling. European Journal of Operational Research, 284(2), pp. 769–778. doi:10.1016/j.ejor.2019.12.032.

    [publisher’s website]

  9. Biagini, S. and Černý, A. (2020). Convex duality and Orlicz spaces in expected utility maximization. Mathematical Finance, 30(1), pp. 85–127. doi:10.1111/mafi.12209.

    [publisher’s website]

  10. Brunovský, P., Černý, A. and Komadel, J. (2018). Optimal trade execution under endogenous pressure to liquidate: Theory and numerical solutions. European Journal of Operational Research, 264(3), pp. 1159–1171. doi:10.1016/j.ejor.2017.07.054.

    [publisher’s website]

  11. Brunovský, P., Černý, A. and Winkler, M. (2017). Erratum to: A Singular Differential Equation Stemming from an Optimal Control Problem in Financial Economics. Applied Mathematics & Optimization, 75(1), pp. 149–149. doi:10.1007/s00245-016-9398-5.

    [publisher’s website]

  12. Tsanakas, A., Wüthrich, M.V. and Černý, A. (2013). Market value margin via mean-variance hedging. ASTIN Bulletin, 43(3), pp. 301–322. doi:10.1017/asb.2013.18.
  13. Brunovský, P., Černý, A. and Winkler, M. (2013). A singular differential equation stemming from an optimal control problem in financial economics. Applied Mathematics and Optimization, 68(2), pp. 255–274. doi:10.1007/s00245-013-9205-5.
  14. Černý, A., Maccheroni, F., Marinacci, M. and Rustichini, A. (2012). On the computation of optimal monotone mean-variance portfolios via truncated quadratic utility. Journal of Mathematical Economics, 48(6), pp. 386–395. doi:10.1016/j.jmateco.2012.08.006.
  15. Biagini, S. and Černý, A. (2011). Admissible strategies in semimartingale portfolio selection. SIAM Journal on Control and Optimization, 49(1), pp. 42–72. doi:10.1137/090774458.
  16. Černý, A. and Kyriakou, I. (2011). An improved convolution algorithm for discretely sampled Asian options. Quantitative Finance, 11(3), pp. 381–389. doi:10.1080/14697680903397667.
  17. Brooks, C., Černý, A. and Miffre, J. (2011). Optimal hedging with higher moments. Journal of Futures Markets.
  18. Černý, A., Miles, D. and Schmidt, L. (2010). The impact of changing demographics and pensions on the demand for housing and financial assets. Journal of Pension Economics and Finance, 9(3), pp. 393–420. doi:10.1017/S1474747209990047.
  19. Černý, A. (2009). Characterization of the oblique projector U (VU)† V with application to constrained least squares. Linear Algebra and Its Applications, 431(9), pp. 1564–1570. doi:10.1016/j.laa.2009.05.025.
  20. Černý, A. and Kallsen, J. (2009). Hedging by sequential regressions revisited. Mathematical Finance, 19(4), pp. 591–617. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9965.2009.00381.x.
  21. Bank, P. and Černý, A. (2009). Preface to a special issue on mean-variance hedging. Review of Derivatives Research, 12, p. 1.
  22. Černý, A. and Kallsen, J. (2008). Mean-variance hedging and optimal investment in Heston's model with correlation. Mathematical Finance, 18(3), pp. 473–492. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9965.2008.00342.x.
  23. Černý, A. and Kallsen, J. (2008). A counterexample concerning the variance-optimal martingale measure. Mathematical Finance, 18(2), pp. 305–316. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9965.2007.00334.x.
  24. Černý, A. and Kallsen, J. (2007). On the structure of general mean-variance hedging strategies. Annals of Probability, 35(4), pp. 1479–1531. doi:10.1214/009117906000000872.
  25. Černý, A. (2007). Optimal continuous-time hedging with leptokurtic returns. Mathematical Finance, 17(2), pp. 175–203. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9965.2007.00299.x.
  26. Miles, D. and Černý, A. (2006). Risk, Return and Portfolio Allocation Under Alternative Pension Systems with Incomplete and Imperfect Financial Markets. The Economic Journal, 116(511), pp. 529–557. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0297.2006.01091.x.

    [publisher’s website]

  27. Černý, A. (2004). Introduction to Fast Fourier Transform in Finance. The Journal of Derivatives, 12(1), pp. 73–88. doi:10.3905/jod.2004.434538.

    [publisher’s website]

  28. Černý, A. (2004). Dynamic programming and mean‐variance hedging in discrete time. Applied Mathematical Finance, 11(1), pp. 1–25. doi:10.1080/1350486042000196164.

    [publisher’s website]

  29. Černý, A. (2003). Generalised Sharpe Ratios and Asset Pricing in Incomplete Markets *. Review of Finance, 7(2), pp. 191–233. doi:10.1023/a:1024568429527.

    [publisher’s website]

  30. Černý, A. (1999). Currency crises: Introduction of spot speculators. International Journal of Finance and Economics, 4(1), pp. 75–89. doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1158(199901)4:13.0.co;2-j.
  31. Černý, A. and Schmitt, N. (1995). Antidumping Constraints and Trade. Swiss Journal of Economics and Statistics, 131(III), pp. 441–452.

Working papers (3)

  1. Černý, A. and Czichowsky, C. (2022). The law of one price in mean-variance hedging. SSRN
  2. Černý, A. (2020). The Hansen ratio in mean--variance portfolio theory. SSRN
  3. Černý, A., Denkl, S. and Kallsen, J. (2013). Hedging in Lévy Models and the Time Step Equivalent of Jumps. SSRN

Professional activities

Collaboration (academic)

Editorial activity (21)

  1. Review of Derivatives Research, Associate Editor, 2007 – present.
  2. Annals of Operations Research, Referee, 2000 – present.
  3. Applied Mathematical Finance (3), Referee, 2000 – present.
  4. Automatica, Referee, 2000 – present.
  5. Bernoulli, Referee, 2000 – present.
  6. Economic Journal, Referee, 2000 – present.
  7. Finance and Stochastics (2), Referee, 2000 – present.
  8. International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance (2), Referee, 2000 – present.
  9. Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, Referee, 2000 – present.
  10. Journal of Computational Finance (2), Referee, 2000 – present.
  11. Journal of Finance, Referee, 2000 – present.
  12. Journal of Financial Econometrics, Referee, 2000 – present.
  13. Mathematical Finance (12), Referee, 2000 – present.
  14. Mathematics of Operations Research (3), Referee, 2000 – present.
  15. Operations Research, Referee, 2000 – present.
  16. Princeton University Press (2), Referee, 2000 – present.
  17. Quantitative Finance (3), Refereee, 2000 – present.
  18. Review of Derivatives Research (2), Referee, 2000 – present.
  19. SIAM Journal on Financial Mathematics, Referee, 2000 – present.
  20. Statistics and Decisions, Referee, 2000 – present.
  21. Manchester School, Referee, 1998 – present.

Events/conferences (49)

  1. LUISS Guido Carli, Rome. (Seminar) (2017). Invited speaker.
    Paper: Optimal Trade Execution Under Endogenous Pressure to Liquidate: Theory and Numerical Solutions
    Author: Brunovský, P.
    Co-authors: Černý, A.; Komadel, J
  2. Department of Mathematics, University of Sussex. (Seminar) (2013). Invited speaker.
    Paper: Admissible Strategies in Semimartingale Portfolio Selection
    Author: Cerny A.
    Co-authors: S. Biagini
  3. UK Mathematical Finance Workshop, King's College London. (Workshop) (2013). Invited speaker.
    Paper: Good-Deal Prices for a Log Contract
    Author: Cerny A.
  4. UK Mathematical Finance Workshop, King's College London. (Workshop) (2013). Invited speaker.
    Paper: Good-Deal Prices for a Log Contract
    Author: Cerny A.
  5. 6th Summer School in Financial Mathematics. (Workshop) (2013).
    Paper: Computation of Optimal Monotone Mean-Variance Portfolios Via Truncated Quadratic Utility
    Author: Cerny A.
    Co-authors: F. Maccheroni, M. Marinacci and A. Rustichini
  6. Oberseminar: Finanzmathematik und Numerik, Christian-Albrechts Universität, Kiel. (Seminar) (2012). Invited speaker.
    Author: F. Maccheroni, M. Marinacci and A. Rustichini
    Co-authors: F. Maccheroni, M. Marinacci and A. Rustichini
  7. Department of Mathematics, ETH Zurich. (Seminar) (2012). Invited speaker.
    Paper: Optimal Hedging with Higher Moments
    Author: Cerny A.
    Co-authors: C. Brooks and J. Miffre
  8. Department of Economics, University of Pisa. (Seminar) (2012). Invited speaker.
    Paper: Optimal Hedging with Higher Moments
    Author: Cerny A.
    Co-authors: C. Brooks and J. Miffre
  9. Comenius University, Bratislava. (Seminar) (2012). Invited speaker.
    Paper: Optimal Hedging with Higher Moments
    Author: Cerny A.
    Co-authors: C. Brooks and J. Miffre
  10. CERGE-EI, Charles University, Prague. (Seminar) (2012). Invited speaker.
    Paper: Optimal Hedging with Higher Moments
    Author: Cerny A.
    Co-authors: C. Brooks and J. Miffre
  11. Nottingham Business School. (Seminar) (2011). Invited speaker.
    Paper: Optimal Hedging With Higher Moments
    Author: Černý A.
    Co-authors: C. Brooks and J. Miffre
  12. Mathematics Department, University of Murcia. (Seminar) (2011). Invited speaker.
    Paper: Admissible Strategies in Semimartingale Portfolio Selection
    Author: Černý A.
    Co-authors: S. Biagini
  13. ICMA Reading, Henley Business School. (Seminar) (2011). Invited speaker.
    Paper: Recent Advances in Quadratic Hedging
    Author: Černý A.
    Co-authors: J. Kallsen
  14. Comenius University Bratislava, Slovakia. (Public lecture) (2011).
    Paper: Fourier Transform and Its Applications in Finance
    Author: Černý A.
  15. Hedging the unhedgeable, Cass (4/2010-5/2010). (Conference) Cass (2010). Organising Committee.
  16. NCRG, Aston University, Birmingham. (Seminar) (2010). Invited speaker.
    Paper: Performance Measurement and Mean-Variance Hedging
    Author: Černý A.
  17. Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia. (Seminar) (2010). Invited speaker.
    Paper: Optimal Liquidation of Large Currency Position
    Author: Cerny A.
  18. Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia. (Seminar) (2010). Invited speaker.
    Paper: Admissible Strategies in Semimartingale Portfolio Selection
    Author: Černý A.
    Co-authors: S. Biagini
  19. AnStaP10, Conference in Honour of W. Schachermayer, Vienna. (Conference) (2010).
    Paper: Admissible Strategies in Semimartingale Portfolio Selection
    Author: Admissible Strategies in Semimartingale Portfolio Selection
    Co-authors: S. Biagini
  20. 6th World Congress of Bachelier Finance Society, Toronto. (Conference) (2010).
    Paper: Admissible Strategies in Semimartingale Portfolio Selection
    Author: Černý A.
    Co-authors: S. Biagini
  21. University of Konstanz, Germany. (Seminar) (2009). Invited speaker.
    Paper: An Improved Convolution Algorithm for Discretely Sampled Asian Options
    Author: Cerny A.
    Co-authors: I. Kyriakou
  22. Oberseminar: Finanzmathematik und Numerik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel. (Seminar) (2009). Invited speaker.
    Paper: An Improved Convolution Algorithm for Discretely Sampled Asian Options
    Author: Cerny A.
    Co-authors: I. Kyriakou
  23. Energy & Finance Seminar, Universität Duisburg Essen, Germany. (Seminar) (2009). Invited speaker.
    Paper: Performance Measurement and Mean-Variance Hedging
    Author: Cerny A.
  24. Economics Department, City University London. (Seminar) (2009). Invited speaker.
    Paper: Optimal Hedging with Higher Moments
    Author: Cerny A.
    Co-authors: C. Brooks; J. Miffre
  25. Summer School Bologna, Frontiers of Financial Mathematics. (Workshop) (2009). Invited speaker.
    Paper: Performance Measurement, Good-Deal Bounds and Mean-Variance Hedging with Liquidity Effects
    Author: Cerny A.
  26. University of Piraeus. (Seminar) (2008). Invited speaker.
    Paper: Optimal Hedging with Higher Moments
    Author: Cerny A
  27. TU Vienna. (Seminar) (2008). Invited speaker.
    Paper: Mean-Variance Hedging and Optimal Investment in Heston's Model with Correlation
    Author: Cerny A.
    Co-authors: J. Kallsen
  28. 5th World Congress of Bachelier Finance Society, London. (Conference) London (2008).
    Paper: Mean-Variance Hedging and Optimal Investment in Heston's Model with Correlation
    Author: Cerny A.
    Co-authors: J. Kallsen
  29. Stanford University, Palo Alto, California. (Seminar) (2007). Invited speaker.
    Paper: Mean-Variance Hedging and Optimal Investment in Heston's Model with Correlation
    Author: Cerny A
    Co-authors: J. Kallsen
  30. EBRD HQ, London. (Seminar) (2007). Invited speaker.
    Paper: Risk, Return and Portfolio Allocation under Alternative Pension Systems in Ageing Japan
    Author: Cerny A.
    Co-authors: D.K. Miles and L. Schmidt
  31. Bradford University Management School. (Seminar) (2007). Invited speaker.
    Paper: Fast Fourier Transform in Finance
    Author: Cerny A
  32. Workshop on Quantitative Finance, Kiel, Germany. (Workshop) (2007). Invited speaker.
    Paper: Optimal hedging of barrier options in an exponential Levy model
    Author: Cerny A.
  33. Charles University, Prague. (Workshop) (2007).
    Paper: On the Structure of General Mean-Variance Hedging Strategies
    Author: Cerny A
    Co-authors: J. Kallsen
  34. EFA Annual Meeting, Ljubljana. (Conference) (2007).
    Paper: Optimal Hedging with Higher Moments
    Author: Cerny A.
    Co-authors: C. Brooks and J. Miffre
  35. University of Bath. (Seminar) (2006). Invited speaker.
    Paper: Martingale Properties of Good-Deal Price Bounds
    Author: Cerny A.
  36. LMU Munich. (Seminar) (2006). Invited speaker.
    Paper: Martingale Properties of Good-Deal Price Bounds
    Author: Cerny A.
  37. Herriot-Watt University, Edinburgh. (Seminar) (2006). Invited speaker.
    Paper: Martingale Properties of Good-Deal Price Bounds
    Author: Cerny A.
  38. HEC Montreal. (Seminar) (2006). Invited speaker.
    Paper: Performance of Dynamic Hedging Strategies
    Author: Cerny A.
  39. Faculty of Actuarial Science and Insurance, Cass. (Seminar) City University London (2006). Invited speaker.
    Paper: Mean-Variance Hedging and Optimal Investment in Heston's Model with Correlation
    Author: Cerny A.
    Co-authors: J. Kallsen
  40. Department of Statistics, LSE. (Seminar) (2006). Invited speaker.
    Paper: Performance of Option Hedging Strategies
    Author: Cerny A.
  41. 4th World Congress of Bachelier Finance Society, Tokyo. (Conference) (2006).
    Paper: Optimal Continuous-Time Hedging with Leptokurtic Returns
    Author: Cerny A.
  42. Ente Luigi Einaudi, Rome. (Seminar) (2005). Invited speaker.
    Paper: Performance of Option Hedging Strategies
    Author: Cerny A.
  43. Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York. (Seminar) (2005). Invited speaker.
    Paper: On The Structure of General Mean-Variance Hedging Strategies
    Author: Cerny A.
    Co-authors: J. Kallsen
  44. Columbia University, New York. (Seminar) (2005). Invited speaker.
    Paper: On The Structure of General Mean-Variance Hedging Strategies
    Author: Cerny A.
    Co-authors: J. Kallsen
  45. Workshop on the Interface between Quantitative Finance and Insurance, Edinburgh. (Workshop) (2005). Invited speaker.
    Paper: Performance of Option Hedging Strategies
    Author: Cerny A.
  46. Developments in Quantitative Finance, Cambridge. (Workshop) Isaac Newton Institute (2005). Invited speaker.
    Paper: On The Structure of General Mean-Variance Hedging Strategies
    Author: Cerny A.
    Co-authors: J. Kallsen
  47. Developments in Quantitative Finance, Cambridge. (Workshop) Isaac Newton Institute (2005). Invited speaker.
    Paper: Martingale Properties of Good-Deal Price Bounds
    Author: Cerny A.
  48. European Science Foundation Exploratory Workshop on Dynamic Portfolio Choice, Asset Pricing and Mathematical Finance. (Workshop) (2004). Invited speaker.
    Paper: The Risk of Optimal, Continuously Rebalanced Hedging Strategies
    Author: Cerny A.
  49. 3rd Congress of Bachelier Finance Society, Chicago. (Conference) (2004).
    Paper: The Risk of Optimal Continuously Rebalanced Hedging Strategies
    Author: Cerny A.

Media appearances (6)

  1. (2011) BBC One (television).
  2. (2011) BBC Radio 4 (radio).
  3. (2011) BBC News 24 (television).
  4. (2011) BBC World Service Radio (radio).
  5. Former Blair advisor to speak at first Offshore Online Forum. (2007) www.intinv.com (website).
  6. ICAEW Diploma in Charity Accounting. (2007) Charity Finance.